Recombinant proteins, including those for medical purposes, can be produced in different expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammalian cells. Recently, plants have become a promising system for protein production.

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The advantages of using plants for protein production are the low cost of cultivation of plants and the safety of products due to the absence of pathogens common to both plants and animals.

Recombinant proteins can be produced in plants by genetic transformation or transient expression . The creation of a transgenic plant line and, consequently, production of a protein from these plants requires considerable time and cost. The level of expression of target proteins by transgenic plants is usually low, leading to a high cost of products due to the difficulty of their purification. Transient gene expression provides a rapid alternative to the generation of stably transformed plants . The advantages of such plant biofactories are the ease of manipulation, speed, low cost, and usually higher protein yield per weight of plant tissue.