What is Transport Layer Security?

Transport Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides communications security over the internet. It aims to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. TLS operates using client-server architecture between two communicating devices - typically a web server and a web browser or an application server and an application client.

History and Evolution of TLS

Transport Layer Security is the latest, standardized version of the original SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol developed by Netscape in the mid-1990s. SSL evolved through several versions—from SSL version 1.0 to the latest SSL 3.0—before being renamed as TLS in 1999 with the introduction of TLS 1.0. Since then, TLS has seen continual enhancements with new versions added to address security vulnerabilities. The current widely used version is TLS 1.3 released in 2018. Some key versions and developments include:

- TLS 1.0 (1999): First published version as a standard from IETF to supersede SSL 3.0. Addressed multiple security issues.

- TLS 1.1 (2006): Improved resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks by strengthening the mechanism to prevent downgrade attacks.

- TLS 1.2 (2008): Hardened the security with improved cipher suites and strengthened integrity checking. Remains the most widely used version.

- TLS 1.3 (2018): Major redesign to improve performance, privacy, and security. Removed vulnerable cryptography and added protections like encrypt-then-MAC.

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