What are Aerostat Systems?
Airship systems, commonly known as tethered balloons, are aeronautical platforms used for surveillance and communications. These systems consist of an aerostat or blimp that is attached via tethering cable to a ground control station. The aerostat remains stationed at a fixed position in the air while the ground control operates various payloads like cameras, radars, signals intelligence devices etc. mounted on the aerostat.
History and Development
The use of tethered balloons for military purposes can be traced back to the American Civil War in 19th century. However, modern Aerostat Systems came into existence during the Cold War era for signals intelligence gathering and aerial surveillance. In the 1970s and 80s, aerostats were extensively used by US military for monitoring highways, borders and coastal areas in regions like Vietnam and Korea. Subsequently, major aerostat programs were launched to develop next generation systems with advanced payloads. Programs like JLENS and TARS aimed at deployment of aerostat radars for ballistic missile defense and area surveillance.
Design and Aerostat Systems
A typical aerostat system consists of the following key elements:
Aerostat: It is the airship or blimp component that remains aloft with the help of lifting gas like helium. Aerostats used in modern systems can be over 120 feet long and can carry payloads weighing several hundred pounds. They are constructed using lightweight, durable and weather-resistant materials.
Payload: Aerostats carry various payloads relevant to the mission requirements. Common payloads include day/night cameras, radars, signals intelligence sensors, communications equipment etc. Payloads are installed on the aerostat gondola or hull.
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