Azine  is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is a colorless, soluble, volatile liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant smell. Azine  is practically insoluble in water but very soluble in organic solvents due to its non-polar nature. It melts at -41.6°C and boils at 115.2°C.

Azine  was first isolated in 1849 from coal tar and named after the Latin word “pyr” meaning fire due to its combustion properties. Commercially, it is produced by either coal carbonization or petroleum refining. Azine  finds wide application as a precursor to agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, vitamins, and as a solvent.

Chemical Properties and Reactions
Azine  has high chemical stability and  Pyridine can withstand reaction conditions like high temperature, alkaline medium and oxidizing agents. It displays basicity due to the presence of the –N lone pair of electrons, making it a weak base. Azine  has a pKa of 5.25 and readily undergoes protonation to form pyridinium cation.

Due to the polarity of the pyridinium ion, Azine  undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution easily. Common electrophiles include alkyl halides, acid chlorides, and acyl chlorides. The substitution occurs at the para and ortho positions of the heterocyclic ring relative to the nitrogen atom. This allows for various derivatives to be synthesized.

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