The term mining itself is anglicized and comes from the word Mine (mining). In more sophisticated terms, the process is the activity of keeping the network running by closing and creating blocks in the Blockchain using computing power.
A miner uses the power of iron to perform special calculations to find the digital signature (hash) that will close the block. The miner who "finds" the digital signature is rewarded with 1 unit of cryptocurrency.
Mining keeps the network running and guarantees its protection against duplicate transactions.
In simple words, mining is the extraction of cryptocurrency using the power of special equipment. For Bitcoin and a number of other coins, this is the only way to increase the issue.
Miners are remunerated because their activities ensure the functioning and integrity of the entire system. This is the main purpose of mining.
In the beginning, mining could be done by almost any computer owner using the power of a CPU.
When Satoshi Nakamoto and his company started Bitcoin in 2009, they initially put the system to produce a maximum of 21,000,000 BTC coins.
Bitcoin also recalculates its mining complexity every 2016 blocks (that's about 2 weeks). Such properties of the system protect bitcoin from inflation and are the reason why more and more powerful equipment is needed to mine new coins.
All BTC coins are predicted to be mined in the mid-22nd century. In order to do this you need special programs such as crypto miners